弥勒造像(弥勒佛,弥勒菩萨)起源于古印度犍陀罗地区,早期以菩萨装立像或交脚坐像为主,表现弥勒在兜率天宫说法的“上生”状态。南北朝时期《弥勒上生经》盛行,交脚倚坐的“天冠弥勒”成为主流,敦煌莫高窟第275窟、云冈石窟第17窟均为典型。隋唐以后《弥勒下生经》影响扩大,“下生”信仰取代“上生”信仰,弥勒形象从菩萨装转为佛装,坐姿由交脚变为双腿自然下垂的善跏趺坐(垂足坐),以示未来佛即将下生成佛、步入人间度众,乐山大佛、敦煌北大像即为此期代表。藏区称强巴佛.
Maitreya (Tibetan: cham pa. English: Love), the bodhisattva of loving kindness and the Buddha of the next future eon after the age of Shakyamuni Buddha. Maitreya is believed to currently reside in the Tushita Heaven(兜率天) and is typically depicted as having either a Peaceful Appearance (Bodhisattva) or Buddha Appearance.
弥勒造像分两类:菩萨装表现“上生”阶段,头戴宝冠(冠中常有佛塔),上身袒露,佩戴璎珞、臂钏,手持净瓶(军持),坐姿多为交脚倚坐或半跏思惟坐,台座为狮子座。佛装表现“下生成佛”阶段,为螺发肉髻,身披袈裟,无宝冠璎珞,坐姿为善跏趺坐(垂足坐),双脚踏莲,手结与愿印、施无畏印或转法轮印。
常见的弥勒佛(弥勒菩萨)造像按形象可分为:
深度阅读:
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