佛像网

尺寸：H. 23.8 cm
年代：2-3世纪
质地：片岩
风格：犍陀罗 白沙瓦地区
来源：纽约大都会博物馆
参阅：外部链接
鉴赏：
这尊精美的(弥勒)菩萨胸像可追溯至公元二世纪，是古代犍陀罗（今巴基斯坦西北部白沙瓦地区）一座大型寺院建筑装饰的一部分。其背面未经修整——原本应嵌入壁龛或墙壁中——这一特征与绝大多数犍陀罗人物雕塑一致；完全意义上的圆雕作品极为罕见。

这尊菩萨像的头部塑造极为精湛，饰有细长的髭须、吉祥的白毫相（urna），以及阿波罗（Apollo）式的发式和发髻，并配有珠宝与珍珠网饰。珍珠网在交叉点镶嵌宝石，最终汇聚于一颗固定发髻上珍珠环的宝石。额头上的独特“S”形卷发是洛里扬·坦盖（Loriyan Tangai）工坊的标志性特征，其鲜明的面部造型——对鼻、眉、眼睑的微妙块面划分——亦是如此。这种表现方式显示出对希腊罗马晚期传统中地中海造型惯例的认知。亚历山大（Alexandrian）艺术的直接原型在更西边的阿富汗贝格拉姆（Begram）被发现，这很可能是其希腊化风格发式的来源。

其他特征，如现已损坏的、呈突出狮子形的耳饰，以及颈部的项圈（torque），是北印度的造像特征，在当时由秣菟罗（Mathura）延伸至犍陀罗的贵霜帝国（Kushan empire）共属领地中流传。僧袍搭过左肩时堆叠出深重的衣褶。

This handsome bust of a Bodhisattva, datable to the 2nd century AD, was produced as part of the architectural decoration of a major monastery in ancient Gandhara (present-day Peshawar district in northwestern Pakistan). The back of the piece is unfinished—originally it would have been attached to a niche or wall—a feature consistent with the vast majority of Gandharan figural sculptures; very few of which are fully in-the-round.

This bodhisattva’s superbly rendered head is adorned with a slender moustache, an auspicious forehead mark (urna) and an Apollo-like hairstyle and topknot with jewel and pearl net ornamentation. The net of pearls with gemstones at the intersections culminates in a gemstone which secures the pearls looping over the topknot. The distinctive 'S' curls on the forehead is a signature motif of the Loriyan Tangai workshop, as are the strong facial features, with the subtle demarcation of planes for the nose eyebrows, and eyelids. This rendering points to an awareness of Mediterranean modelling conventions of the late Graeco-Roman tradition. Direct prototypes of Alexandrian art have been discovered further west at Begram, in Afghanistan, a likely source of the Hellenistic styling of the hair.

Other features, such as the (now damaged) ear ornaments in the form of projecting lions, and the neck torque, are north Indian attributes that circulated in the shared territories of the Kushan empire that extended from Mathura to Gandhara. The monastic robe bulks into deep folds as it passes over the left shoulder.

来源:
Ernst A. Lomnitz German, Bombay and Britain (during the 1930s while living in Bombay until d. in 1985; by descent to G. Lomnitz); Georgina Lomnitz (by descent, 1985, until 2015; sold through Maitreya, Inc., New York, to MMA)