北魏青铜鎏金弥勒佛祭坛(纽约大都会博物馆)

尺寸:59.1 x 38.1 x 19.1 cm
年代:北魏(约525-530年)
质地:青铜鎏金
风格:中原
来源:纽约大都会博物馆
参阅:外部链接
鉴赏:

Buddha Maitreya (Mile) altarpiece

对弥勒的信仰在公元5世纪末至6世纪的中国十分盛行。这尊复杂的造像表现了弥勒从火焰光环中显现、降临人间以救度虔信者的情景。

馆藏号: 38.158.2a–g

来源:
Abby Aldrich Rockefeller , New York, (until 1938; sold to MMA)

展览:
Nara National Museum. “Nihon Bukkyō bijutsu no genryū,” April 29, 1978–June 11, 1978.
New York. China Institute in America. “Treasures from the Metropolitan Museum,” October 24, 1979–January 27, 1980.
Sydney. Art Gallery of New South Wales. “Buddha: Transcending Space and Time,” November 10, 2001–February 24, 2002.
Nara National Museum. “Hōryū-ji: The Dawn of Buddhist Art,” April 24, 2004–June 13, 2004.
New York. Asia Society. “A Passion for Asia: The Rockefeller Family Collects,” February 23, 2006–September 3, 2006.
London. Royal Academy of Arts. “Bronze,” September 15, 2012–December 9, 2012.
Seoul. National Museum of Korea. “Masterpieces of Early Buddhist Sculpture,” September 24, 2015–November 15, 2015.
New York. The Metropolitan Museum of Art. “Another World Lies Beyond: Chinese Art and the Divine,” August 24, 2019–January 5, 2020.

著录:
“A Note on Two Chinese Buddhist Dedicatory Groups.” Bulletin of the Museum of Fine Arts 26, no. 156 (August 1928.) pp. 57–60, fig. 1.
Binyon, Laurence, ed. The Chinese Exhibition: A Commemorative Catalogue of the International Exhibition of Chinese Art, Royal Academy of Arts, November 1935–March 1936. Exh. cat. London: Faber and Faber, 1936, cat. no. 641, pl. 58.
Priest, Alan. “Two Important Bronzes in the London Exhibition.” Parnassus 8, no. 2 (February 1936). pp. 11–13. ……


这是现存美国纽约大都会博物馆的北魏晚期两尊弥勒佛造像中的一尊,二尊造像均为立佛的造型,头上为发髻,面容清秀,庄重文静。右手上举施无畏印,左手下垂施与愿印。身着僧衹支,衣纹舒展流畅,流露出“秀骨清像”之飘逸感。其中另一尊北魏正光五年(524)午猷造弥勒佛鎏金铜像制作得更华丽繁复,除背光外,还有飞天、菩萨、狮子、天王、弟子等人物形象。但是它的佛像造型与这一尊几乎完全相同,可见是当时流行北魏的标准范本。

各持乐器翩翩起舞的八尊飞天环绕在舟形背光二侧,形态各异,优美华丽。法座下方中央是一尊大力士正在奋力托起一博山香炉,法座二侧侍立有二菩萨,形成了“弥勒三尊”之经典佛像。

据传此像于一九二四年出土于河北“正定府”附近,日本山中商会北平分店经理高田义四郎以高价购得后,将其送往山中商会设在美国纽约的分店。一九二五年被美国的洛克菲勒二世夫人(Mrs.John D. Rockefeller,Jr。)同时购入了这二尊北魏青铜弥勒造像。


像无纪年,然一见可知为正光年间标准造像。此像以一佛二弟子为骨干,再附加菩萨、天人数尊拼组一堂, 光背多镂空、顶端有单层佛塔、每面有一佛,似应象征着兜率天宫、光背边缘嵌接飞天。飞天裙带飘扬似火焰状。这种形式造像多见于正光(520-525年)年间, 此前后均少见,似昙花一现。此像虽无纪年,然足可参考,故亦附此。据正光三年和五年二造像看,河北中部地区应曾是这种佛像的制作地。